{"id":995201,"date":"2026-01-14T11:49:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T10:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/?p=995201"},"modified":"2026-02-12T10:28:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T09:28:56","slug":"how-much-does-it-cost-to-get-a-polish-passport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/2026\/01\/14\/how-much-does-it-cost-to-get-a-polish-passport\/","title":{"rendered":"Ile kosztuje uzyskanie polskiego paszportu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"995201\" class=\"elementor elementor-995201\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234b348 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234b348\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e6151b\" data-id=\"6e6151b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d010e88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d010e88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have Polish ancestry or Polish parents or grandparents, you may be eligible to obtain Polish citizenship by descent and apply for a Polish passport.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the process of Polish citizenship confirmation, you need to prove you are of Polish descent with formal and legally valid evidence, confirm kinship towards his or her Polish ancestor and prove that Polish citizenship was not lost by any of his family members and passed down the line all the way to you via \u2018the right of blood\u2019.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This step is essential, as a Polish passport can only be issued to confirmed Polish citizens.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07390a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07390a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\nCo jest potrzebne do z\u0142o\u017cenia wniosku o polski paszport?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f074cb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f074cb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To apply for a Polish passport, you must be a Polish citizen and prove that with either an expired Polish passport, or with a document confirming your Polish citizenship.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you do not yet have proof of Polish citizenship, you must first complete the citizenship confirmation procedure.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can get Polish citizenship based on Polish descent \u2013 in such cases you need to go through the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/faqs\/polish-citizenship-confirmation-process\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potwierdzenie polskiego obywatelstwa<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> poprzez naturalizacj\u0119 lub uznanie za obywatela polskiego.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Citizenship by descent differs from naturalization and does not require residence in Poland or knowledge of the Polish language.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Polish by descent option requires proving your Polish ancestry by submitting evidence documenting lineage, and Polish citizenship.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This process does not require living in Poland or speaking the language, unless the naturalization process.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before you can apply for your Polish passport, it is also necessary to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/faqs\/civil-status-records-registration-in-poland\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zarejestruj swoje narodziny<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> certificate in Poland, and marriage, in case you are married.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These registrations result in Polish civil status documents issued by Polish authorities.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potwierdzenie obywatelstwa polskiego jest oddzielnym procesem od wniosku o polski paszport, jest to krok, kt\u00f3ry nale\u017cy wykona\u0107 przed z\u0142o\u017ceniem wniosku o polski paszport i wi\u0105\u017c\u0105 si\u0119 z nim dodatkowe koszty.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These costs depend on document collection, archival research, sworn translations, and possible professional assistance.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f30c0e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f30c0e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To apply for your Polish passport, you will need the following:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a7e788 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a7e788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potwierdzenie obywatelstwa polskiego: Oficjalny dokument wydany przez odpowiedni Urz\u0105d Wojew\u00f3dzki w Polsce. Otrzymasz go po z\u0142o\u017ceniu wniosku o nadanie obywatelstwa przez pochodzenie.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Birth certificate: In case you were born outside Poland, you need to register your birth within the Polish Civil Registry Office. Based on that you will receive a Polish birth certificate.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marriage certificate: In case you are married, and the marriage took place outside of Poland, you need to register your marriage in Poland within the Polish Civil Registry Office. Based on that you will receive a Polish marriage certificate.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PESEL: It is a Polish social security number used to identify Polish citizens. It will be assigned to you by a Polish Consul on the day you lodge your Polish passport application.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zdj\u0119cie paszportowe: (wymagania dotycz\u0105ce zdj\u0119\u0107<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/gov\/zdjecie-do-dowodu-lub-paszportu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/gov\/zdjecie-do-dowodu-lub-paszportu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> )<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All documents must be presented in original form at the time of application.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep in mind that you need to apply for your Polish passport in person at the nearest Polish Consulate General as you are required to leave your fingerprints, since passports are biometric and present originals of your Polish documents listed above.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Personal appearance is mandatory due to biometric data collection.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40e2fd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40e2fd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uzyskanie polskiego paszportu - koszt<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5130ba5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5130ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cost will vary depending on whether your Polish passport is expiring, and you need to renew it, or if you must first confirm your Polish citizenship and register your vital records in Poland.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First-time applicants usually incur higher overall costs than those renewing an existing passport.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will mean you have to obtain legal documents needed to support your claim, organize sworn translations and in case you use help of an expert specializing in Polish citizenship by descent.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These additional expenses are separate from the official passport fee.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When it comes to the actual passport fee, it may vary based on your location so please contact the nearest Polish Consulate General for details or the one you plan to use for your Polish passport appointment.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Passport fees are set by consular regulations and differ slightly between countries.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is the list of most popular countries with links to their official websites with fees.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United States of America: There are five consulates in the US, in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York and the Polish embassy in Washington. Consular fees can be found online <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/usa-en\/consular-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">link<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Canada there are Polish Consulates in Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver and the Polish embassy in Ottawa. Consular fees can be found online <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/canada-en\/consular-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">link<\/span><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Kingdom has four consulates \u2013in Belfast, Edinburgh, Manchester and the Polish Embassy in London. Consular fees can be found online <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/unitedkingdom\/consular-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">link<\/span><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Australia has a consulate in Sydney and an embassy in Canberra. Consular fees can be found online <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/australia-en\/consular-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">link<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polish Consuls organize consular appointments in various cities across the listed countries and for details, visit the embassy website in your country.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This allows applicants to apply closer to their place of residence.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This way you will have an opportunity to apply closer to your place of residence, and you can have your passport posted to you, without a need of picking it up in person.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delivery options depend on local consular procedures.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In special circumstances, the Polish Consul can issue you with a temporary passport, which will be valid till your regular passport valid for 10 years is issued.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temporary passports are issued only in justified and urgent cases.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d9616 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97d9616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakterystyka polskiego paszportu\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5a94ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5a94ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Polish passport is an official document issued to Polish citizens by the government of Poland, enabling international travel and serving as proof of Polish nationality.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is recognized worldwide and provides extensive travel freedom.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It grants holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to numerous countries around the world, making it one of the most powerful passports globally.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2023, Polish citizens could travel to 184 countries without a visa or with a visa on arrival.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The passport is valid for 10 years for adults and 5 years for minors.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Validity periods are fixed and cannot be extended.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can be used not only for travel but also for identification purposes within the European Union, where Polish citizens can move freely thanks to Poland\u2019s membership in the EU.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, Polish citizens with a valid passport can reside, work, and study in any other EU country without needing a visa or permit.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Applying for a Polish passport involves submitting an application at a passport office in Poland or a Polish consulate abroad, providing necessary documents such as a birth certificate and national ID, and paying the required fee.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The procedure is formal but predictable when documentation is complete.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The process is straightforward but involves biometric data collection, which is required for the issuance of the passport.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4e0974 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4e0974\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ: Cost of Getting a Polish Passport<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-980c3ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"980c3ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>How much does it cost to get a Polish passport?<\/b><b><br \/><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The passport fee itself depends on the country and consulate where you apply, so exact amounts vary. Additional costs may apply if you first need to confirm Polish citizenship, register civil records, or obtain sworn translations.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Do I need to confirm Polish citizenship before applying for a Polish passport?<\/b><b><br \/><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yes. If you do not already have proof of Polish citizenship, for example an expired Polish passport, or Polish national id, you must first complete the Polish citizenship confirmation process, which is a separate step with its own procedures and costs.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>What documents are required to apply for a Polish passport?<\/b><b><br \/><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You need proof of Polish citizenship, a Polish birth certificate, a Polish marriage certificate (if applicable), a PESEL number (which in case you do not have one, will be assigned to you by a Polish consulate while applying for your first Polish passport), and a passport photo. All documents must be presented in original form at the consulate.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Do I have to apply for a Polish passport in person?<\/b><b><br \/><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yes. Applications must be submitted in person at a Polish consulate because biometric data, including fingerprints, are required for the passport issuance.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a95623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a95623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Je\u015bli potrzebujesz pomocy, skontaktuj si\u0119 z nami w celu uzyskania BEZP\u0141ATNEJ konsultacji:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb9e0a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb9e0a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Je\u015bli nie jeste\u015b pewien, czy posiadane przez Ciebie dowody s\u0105 wystarczaj\u0105ce do poparcia Twojego wniosku o polskie obywatelstwo, prosimy o <a href=\"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/contact-form\/\">skontaktuj si\u0119 z nami<\/a> na bezp\u0142atn\u0105 konsultacj\u0119. Nasi przyja\u017ani eksperci ds. obywatelstwa polskiego oceni\u0105 Twoj\u0105 sytuacj\u0119 i spraw\u0119 oraz doradz\u0105 najlepsze dla Ciebie dalsze kroki. Je\u015bli jeste\u015b zainteresowany naszymi us\u0142ugami, b\u0119dziemy mogli wystawi\u0107 Ci niezobowi\u0105zuj\u0105c\u0105 wycen\u0119 za nasz\u0105 pomoc.<\/p><p><strong>Sprawd\u017a, czy si\u0119 kwalifikujesz i skontaktuj si\u0119 z nami, aby uzyska\u0107 BEZP\u0141ATN\u0104 konsultacj\u0119 w Twojej sprawie.<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Mo\u017cesz wype\u0142ni\u0107 nasz formularz <a href=\"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/contact-form\/\">Formularz kontaktowy<\/a> na naszej stronie internetowej, wy\u015blij nam wiadomo\u015b\u0107 e-mail na adres contact@fivetoeurope.com lub zadzwo\u0144 pod numer telefonu \/ WhatsApp \/ Signal + 48 509 374 209<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you have Polish ancestry or Polish parents or grandparents, you may be eligible to obtain Polish citizenship by descent and apply for a Polish passport.<br \/>\nIn the process of Polish citizenship confirmation, you need to prove you are of Polish descent with formal and legally valid evidence, confirm kinship towards his or her Polish ancestor and prove that Polish citizenship was not lost by any of his family members and passed down the line all the way to you via \u2018the right of blood\u2019.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":995206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-995201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-information"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=995201"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":995612,"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995201\/revisions\/995612"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/995206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=995201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=995201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivetoeurope.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=995201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}